Saga Lab.

Our paper has been published on MDPI Sensors.

Ishimaru, T.; Saga, S. Evaluation of Electric Muscle Stimulation Method for Haptic Augmented Reality. Sensors 2023, 23, 1796. 

• https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041796
• https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1796

 

In this article, we investigated several characteristics of Electric Muscle Stimulation. Our findings are as follows;

• Using stimulation waveforms with a frequency of 35 to 50 Hz and a pulse width of 0.4 to 0.6 ms could present force without causing significant pain or discomfort.
• Users subjectively felt a physical force of 0.6 N compared to the EMS force of 0.3 N.
• The linearity between the amount of current per time and the presentation force suggested it is possible to control the force.